原标题：美国被曝要求日韩荷再收紧对华限制，这次把手伸向工程师

（观察者网讯）英国《金融时报》4月25日称，因对华为开发先进芯片的担忧日益加剧，美国正推动日本、韩国、荷兰三个盟国进一步收紧对华出口芯片相关技术和工具的限制。

报道引述五名知情人士说法称，华盛顿希望日本、韩国和荷兰更积极地利用现有的出口管制措施，包括禁止本国工程师为中国先进半导体工厂维修芯片制造设备。

报道说，拜登政府2022年推出了全面的出口管制措施，其中包括禁止美国公民和公司向部分中国先进芯片工厂提供直接或间接支持，但美国的盟友在这方面则没有这么严格的限制。

不过，参与讨论的一位人士透露，上述国家也有官员提出，有必要向中国工厂内派驻本国工程师，以帮助其“监控当地活动”。欧盟贸易专员东布罗夫斯基斯对该报表示，欧盟不愿意限制欧洲公民在华工作，“关于人才的话题是一个更基本的个人自由问题，这是一个我们需要非常谨慎对待的领域”。

4月17日，韩国首尔，华为NVMe SSD存储芯片亮相2024年韩国世界IT展 图片来源：视觉中国

此外，美国还希望盟国让中国更难规避美国的限制，尤其希望能增加第三国公司向中国供应包含日本、韩国或荷兰生产的技术的产品的难度。

报道提到“外国直接产品规则”（FDPR）这一“武器”。2020年5月起，美国商务部以FDPR的名义要求，即使不是美国芯片企业，只要使用了美国的设备和技术就必须先得到美国许可才能向华为出售产品，以此实施对华技术封锁。

目前，日韩荷还没有实施会产生类似影响的措施。根据一名熟悉内情的人士的说法，美国并没有要求盟国按照FDPR的思路建立新的机制，只是希望它们利用现有的出口管制制度来解决这个问题。

目前仍不清楚上述国家将如何回应。对于这一报道，美国白宫、美国商务部、日本经济产业省和荷兰政府均拒绝发表评论。韩国产业通商资源部则称，“不知道”美国要求其加强出口管制。

《金融时报》称，尽管美国采取了更严厉的管制措施，但中国企业开发先进芯片的速度越来越快，这让美国越来越担忧。彭博社此前报道，美国商务部负责工业与安全的副部长艾伦∙埃斯特韦斯上月27日对媒体表示，正在力推对关键部件提供维护的限制，并且正与盟友进行讨论。

针对美国胁迫别国对华进行科技封锁，中国外交部发言人汪文斌此前回应表示，中方一贯反对美国泛化国家安全概念，以各种借口胁迫其他国家搞对华科技封锁。半导体是高度全球化的产业，在各国经济深度融合的背景下，美方有关霸道、霸凌行径严重违背国际贸易规则，严重破坏全球半导体产业格局，严重冲击国际产业链供应链的安全和稳定，必将自食其果。 

责任编辑：钟庆辉 UN660

新闻译文：

Original title: The United States has been exposed to demand that Japan, South Korea, and the Netherlands tighten their restrictions on China again. This time, they are reaching out to engineers

On April 25th, the financial Times reported that due to growing concerns about Huawei's development of advanced chips, the United States is pushing Japan, South Korea, and the Netherlands to further tighten restrictions on exporting chip related technologies and tools to China.

The report quoted five insiders as saying that Washington hopes that Japan, South Korea, and the Netherlands will more actively utilize existing export control measures, including prohibiting domestic engineers from repairing chip manufacturing equipment for China's advanced semiconductor factories.

The report states that the Biden administration has introduced comprehensive export control measures in 2022, including prohibiting US citizens and companies from providing direct or indirect support to some advanced Chinese chip factories, but US allies do not have such strict restrictions in this regard.

However, a person involved in the discussion revealed that officials from the aforementioned countries have also suggested the need to send domestic engineers to Chinese factories to help them "monitor local activities". EU Trade Commissioner Dong Brovskis told the newspaper that the EU is unwilling to restrict European citizens from working in China. "The topic of talent is a more fundamental issue of personal freedom, which is an area that we need to be very cautious about," he said.

On April 17th, in Seoul, South Korea, Huawei NVMe SSD storage chip made its debut at the 2024 South Korea World IT exhibition image source: Visual China

In addition, the United States also hopes that its allies will make it more difficult for China to avoid US restrictions, especially by increasing the difficulty for third-party companies to supply products containing technology produced by Japan, South Korea, or the Netherlands to China.

The report mentions the Foreign Direct Product Regulation (FDPR) as a weapon. Starting from May 2020, the US department of Commerce, under the name of FDPR, required that even if not a US chip company, as long as it used US equipment and technology, it must obtain US permission before selling products to China, thus implementing a technology blockade against China.

At present, Japan, South Korea, and the Netherlands have not implemented measures that would have a similar impact. according to a person familiar with the situation, the United States has not requested allies to establish new mechanisms following the FDPR's approach, but rather hopes that they can use existing export control systems to address this issue.

It is still unclear how the aforementioned countries will respond. The White House, the US Department of Commerce, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and the Dutch government all declined to comment on this report. The South Korean Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Resources stated that they are "unaware" of the US's demand to strengthen export controls.

The Financial Times reported that despite stricter regulatory measures taken by the United States, Chinese companies are developing advanced chips at an increasingly fast pace, which is causing growing concern in the United States. Bloomberg previously reported that US Deputy Secretary of Commerce for industry and Security, Alan Estevez, told the media on the 27th of last month that he is pushing for restrictions on maintaining critical components and is in discussions with allies.

In response to the US's coercion of other countries to impose a technology blockade on China, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin previously stated that China has always opposed the US's generalization of national security concepts and used various pretexts to coerce other countries to impose a technology blockade on China. Semiconductors are a highly globalized industry. Against the backdrop of deep economic integration in various countries, the US's hegemonic and bullying behavior seriously violates international trade rules, seriously undermines the global semiconductor industry pattern, and seriously impacts the security and stability of the international industrial and supply chains. It will inevitably bear its own consequences. Go back to Sohu and see more

Responsible editor: Zhong Qinghui UN660

重点词汇

• 收紧 tighten up ; take up

• 对华 anticorona ; brocken bow ; to China

• 伸向 Reach ; hade

• 观察者 observer ; viewer

• 华为 Huawei ; MediaPad ; Huawai ; huaiwei

• 引述 quote ; cite ; quotation ; citation ; premise

• 积极地 actively ; positively ; energetically ; busily

• 出口管制 export control

• 制造设备 manufacturing equipment ; Cluster Tools

• 拜登 Biden ; Joe Biden ; Joseph Biden ; Jill Biden

句子成分分析：

The Financial Times reported | that [despite stricter regulatory measures taken [by the United States]], Chinese 

companies are developing advanced chips [at an increasingly fast pace, (which is causing growing concern [in 

the United States])].

句子语法结构详解：

(taken 为 take 的过去分词。stricter 为 strict 的比较级形式)

* reported 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* taken 为过去分词，作后置定语。
* developing 为谓语，采用现在进行时。
* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* causing 为谓语，采用现在进行时。
* are, is 为助动词。the 为定冠词。an 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

The South Korean Ministry (of Industry), Trade, and Resources stated | that they are "unaware" of the US's demand 

to strengthen export controls.

句子语法结构详解：

* stated 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* are 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* unaware 为形容词作表语。
* to strengthen 为不定式，作后置定语。
* they 为人称代词主格。us 为人称代词宾格。US's 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

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